Medicine

Vitals, pallor, icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymph nodes and edema.

Rate, rhythm, volume, character and clinically useful delays.

Correct technique, cuff selection, postural BP and common errors.

Identification, measurement and bedside interpretation.

Inspection, palpation, auscultation and a systematic murmur approach.

Inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.

Organomegaly, ascites, masses and a reproducible sequence.

Higher functions, cranial nerves, motor, sensory, reflexes and coordination.

Duration, pattern, chills, localizing symptoms, exposures, drugs and red flags.

OPQRST plus ischemic, pleuritic, aortic, GI and musculoskeletal clues.

Onset, orthopnea, PND, wheeze, cough and cardiopulmonary clues.

Site, radiation, meals, bowel/urinary symptoms and danger signs.

Primary versus secondary headache clues and red flags.

Focal versus generalized weakness, onset, progression and localization.

Confirm → classify by MCV → reticulocyte response → targeted cause evaluation.

Pre-hepatic, hepatocellular and cholestatic patterns.

Cardiac, renal, hepatic, venous and drug-related causes.

ABCDE, glucose, then metabolic, toxic, infectious and structural causes.

Tonicity → volume status → urine studies → cause.

Syndromic localization before indiscriminate testing.

Hb, indices, WBC differential and platelets as one clinical story.

Hepatocellular versus cholestatic patterns and synthetic function.

Creatinine trends, sodium, potassium and clinical context.

pH → primary process → compensation → oxygenation → mixed disorders.

Rate, rhythm, axis, intervals, chamber changes and ischemia.

Quality → airway → breathing → circulation → diaphragm → everything else.

Major classes, indications, contraindications and monitoring.

Basal, prandial and correction concepts with hypoglycaemia safety.

Choose by source, likely organism, severity and local resistance.

Loop, thiazide and potassium-sparing agents with monitoring.

Indications, adverse effects, tapering principles and infection risk.

A repeatable first assessment for every critically ill patient.

Recognize, ECG early, risk-stratify and initiate time-sensitive care.

FAST recognition, glucose, imaging and reperfusion-window thinking.

Recognize rapidly; IM adrenaline is the key first-line treatment.

Fluids, insulin, potassium, precipitant and resolution criteria.

Immediate safety, benzodiazepine-first approach and reversible causes.

Oxygenation/ventilation, BP, diuresis and precipitant assessment.

Recognition, high-quality compressions, AED and team response.