NEET

A. Average speed is total distance/total time, whereas instantaneous speed is the limiting rate of change of distance at a particular instant.

B. Uniform circular motion has constant speed but changing velocity; centripetal acceleration v²/r is always directed toward the centre.

C. A physically valid equation must have the same dimensions on both sides; dimensional analysis can test form but cannot determine dimensionless numerical constants.

D. Measured quantities carry finite precision; multiplication/division are usually reported to the least number of significant figures among the inputs.

A. For constant acceleration, v = u + at, s = ut + 1/2 at² and v² = u² + 2as are mutually consistent kinematic relations.

B. Measured quantities carry finite precision; multiplication/division are usually reported to the least number of significant figures among the inputs.

C. For launch and landing at the same level without air resistance, range R = u² sin2θ/g and is maximum at 45°.

D. For a projectile returning to launch level, T = 2u sinθ/g; vertical velocity becomes zero at the highest point.

A. Average speed is total distance/total time, whereas instantaneous speed is the limiting rate of change of distance at a particular instant.

B. A vector can be resolved into perpendicular components; for magnitude A at angle θ to x-axis, Ax = A cosθ and Ay = A sinθ.

C. For launch and landing at the same level without air resistance, range R = u² sin2θ/g and is maximum at 45°.

D. Slope of displacement-time graph gives velocity; slope of velocity-time graph gives acceleration; area under velocity-time graph gives displacement.

A. For constant acceleration, v = u + at, s = ut + 1/2 at² and v² = u² + 2as are mutually consistent kinematic relations.

B. Velocity of A relative to B is vA − vB; this vector relation is especially useful in river-boat, rain-man and pursuit problems.

C. Average speed is total distance/total time, whereas instantaneous speed is the limiting rate of change of distance at a particular instant.

D. For a projectile returning to launch level, T = 2u sinθ/g; vertical velocity becomes zero at the highest point.

A. Matter wavelength is λ = h/mv; electron diffraction supports wave nature of matter.

B. Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group; fluorine is highest on the Pauling scale.

C. Electrons occupy lower-energy orbitals first according to orbital energy ordering, with recognised exceptions in some atoms.

D. An electron state is described by n, l, ml and ms; for a given n, l ranges from 0 to n−1.

A. Ionisation enthalpy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group, with subshell/stability exceptions.

B. Electrons occupy lower-energy orbitals first according to orbital energy ordering, with recognised exceptions in some atoms.

C. Matter wavelength is λ = h/mv; electron diffraction supports wave nature of matter.

D. Position and momentum cannot both be known with arbitrary precision: ΔxΔp ≥ h/4π.

A. An electron state is described by n, l, ml and ms; for a given n, l ranges from 0 to n−1.

B. Electrons occupy lower-energy orbitals first according to orbital energy ordering, with recognised exceptions in some atoms.

C. No two electrons in an atom can have identical sets of all four quantum numbers.

D. Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group; fluorine is highest on the Pauling scale.

A. Golgi cisternae modify, sort and package proteins/lipids; cis face receives material and trans face dispatches it.

B. All living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic structural-functional unit, and new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

C. Mitosis produces daughter nuclei genetically similar to the parent nucleus and maintains chromosome number.

D. Interphase comprises G1, S and G2; DNA replication occurs in S phase, followed by M phase.

A. The membrane follows a fluid-mosaic organisation of lipids and proteins and is selectively permeable.

B. All living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic structural-functional unit, and new cells arise from pre-existing cells.

C. Golgi cisternae modify, sort and package proteins/lipids; cis face receives material and trans face dispatches it.

D. The nuclear envelope is double-membraned with pores; chromatin contains DNA associated with proteins.

A. Lysosomes contain acid hydrolases and participate in intracellular digestion and autophagy.

B. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes including catalase and participate in fatty-acid oxidation and detoxification.

C. Mitochondria perform aerobic ATP generation and contain their own circular DNA and 70S-like ribosomes.

D. Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis; cytosolic eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S whereas prokaryotic and organellar ribosomes are 70S.