Diabetes is a long-term condition in which the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood becomes too high. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form in adults and may remain unnoticed for years. Some people have thirst, frequent urination, tiredness, blurred vision, recurrent infections or unexplained weight loss, while others have few or no symptoms.
Why regular health checks are important
Diabetes can begin silently. People who are overweight, physically inactive, have a strong family history, had diabetes during pregnancy, have high blood pressure or abnormal cholesterol, or have other risk factors should discuss appropriate screening with a healthcare professional. Blood glucose tests can detect diabetes before complications become obvious.
Once diabetes is diagnosed, follow-up is not only about the sugar reading. Periodic assessment may include HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, kidney health, eye examination and foot assessment depending on the individual. These checks help find problems early, when intervention is often easier.
Do not stop medicines when the sugar improves
Take tablets or insulin exactly as prescribed. A good glucose report may mean that treatment, diet and activity are working; it does not necessarily mean the diabetes has disappeared. Stopping medicines without advice can allow glucose to rise again.
If you have repeated low-sugar episodes, vomiting, poor oral intake or an acute illness, contact your healthcare provider for advice. Some medicines may need special instructions during illness, but changes should be individualized.
Food: aim for balance, not starvation
A diabetes-friendly diet does not mean giving up all enjoyable food. Emphasize vegetables, pulses, whole grains in suitable portions, protein sources, nuts and seeds, and whole fruits rather than sugary drinks or fruit juices. Reduce refined carbohydrates, sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and heavily processed foods.
Portion size matters. Large amounts of even otherwise healthy carbohydrate-rich foods can raise blood glucose. Your diet should also consider body weight, kidney function, medications, culture and affordability.
Move regularly
Regular physical activity improves fitness and helps the body use glucose more effectively. For many adults, a practical goal is regular moderate activity such as brisk walking, along with less sitting during the day. Start gradually. If you use insulin or medicines that can cause low sugar, ask your clinician how to exercise safely.
Protect your feet and avoid tobacco
Check your feet for cuts, blisters, swelling or wounds, wear appropriate footwear and seek early medical attention for a non-healing injury. Tobacco greatly increases cardiovascular risk and should be avoided.
Take-home message
Diabetes can be managed successfully for many years. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, consistent medication, healthy eating, physical activity, weight management and complication screening work together to protect your future health.